Main progress and prospect for China's hydrogeological survey          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ai-min  HAO Ai-bing  GUO Hai-peng  LIU Jing-tao  ZHANG Er-yong  WANG Huang  WANG Xin-feng  WEN Xue-ru  ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209

This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.  相似文献   

黑龙江省兴凯湖平原土壤pH值时空变化特征分析     

杨泽  刘国栋  戴慧敏  张一鹤  许江  肖红叶 《地质与资源》2020,29(6):614-620

土壤酸碱度是影响土壤化学和生物学性质的一个重要因素，会对土地生产力产生重要影响.为掌握兴凯湖平原土壤pH值近年来变化状况，采用空间统计方法，基于全国第二次土壤普查及2019年土壤pH值数据，对工作区近30年土壤pH值时空变化特征进行了分析.结果表明：兴凯湖平原土壤pH值总体呈下降趋势，但整体上土壤pH值变幅不大，主要集中在±0.5～±1区间.从土地利用类型上来看，兴凯湖平原耕地区土壤pH值均呈下降趋势，西部的林地区pH值整体保持不变或略有上升.在兴凯湖平原4种主要土壤类型中，除暗棕壤外，其他3类土壤在近30年间pH平均值均呈下降趋势.因此需要对工作区土壤pH值变化的原因进行多因素、定量分析，以进一步明确具体原因.  相似文献   

辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征     

豆世勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1752-1765

研究区位于华北克拉通北缘东段、华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的交接部位。本文通过对辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究，探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境，并进一步探讨了华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的起始时间。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb同位素，获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（117±1）Ma，表明花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高硅、富碱、贫镁和钙的特征，富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb）和高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb），亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti元素，稀土配分曲线均呈现右倾海鸥型，具有明显的负Eu异常；显示研究区花岗斑岩为A型（A₁亚型）花岗岩，形成于古太平洋俯冲的后造山伸展环境，其岩浆源于地幔物质上涌而导致的地壳物质重熔。研究区在（156±1）Ma之前，属于挤压造山环境，表明研究区岩石圈减薄时间应处于156~117 Ma之间。  相似文献   

Deep gold mineralization features of Jiaojia metallogenic belt,Jiaodong gold Province: Based on the breakthrough of 3000 m exploration drilling     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):385-401

Recently, continuous breakthroughs have been made about deep gold prospecting in the Jiaodong gold province area of China. Approximately 5000 t of cumulative gold resources have been explored in Jiaodong, which has thus become an internationally noteworthy gold ore cluster. The gold exploration depth has been increased to about 2000 m from the previous <1000 m. To further explore the mineralization potential of the Jiaodong area at a depth of about 3000 m, the Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences has drilled an exploratory drillhole named “Deep drillhole ZK01” to a depth of 3266 m. Hence, as reported herein, the mineralization characteristics of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt have been successfully documented. ZK01 is, to date, the deepest borehole with an gold intersect in China, and constitutes a significant advance in deep gold prospecting in China. The findings of this study further indicate that the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the ground surface in the Wuyi Village area incorporates 912 t of inferred gold resources, while the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the surface across the Jiaodong area possesses about 4000 t of inferred gold resources. The Jiaojia Fault Belt tends to gently dip downward, having dip angles of about 25° and about 20° at vertical depths of 2000 m and 2850 m, respectively. The deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt differs from the shallow and moderately deep parts about fracturing, alteration, mineralization, and tectonic type. The deep zones can generally be categorized from inside outward as cataclastic granite, granitic cataclasite, weakly beresitized granitic cataclasite, beresitized cataclasite, and gouge. These zones exhibit a gradual transitional relation or occur alternately and repeatedly. The mineralization degree of the pyritized cataclastic granite-type ore in the deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt is closely related to the degree of pyrite vein development; that is, the higher the pyrite content, the wider the veins and the higher the gold grade. Compared to the shallow gold ores, the deep-seated gold ores have higher fineness and contain joseite, tetradymite, and native bismuth, suggesting that the deep gold mineralization temperature is higher and that mantle-sourced material may have contributed to this mineralization. ZK01 has also revealed that the deep-seated ore bodies in the Jiaojia metallogenic belt are principally situated above the main fracture plane (gouge) and hosted within the Linglong Granite, contradicting previous findings indicating that the moderately shallow gold ore bodies are usually hosted in the contact zone between the Linglong Granite and Jiaodong Group or meta-gabbro. These new discoveries are particularly significant because they can help correct mineralization prospecting models, determine favorable positions for deep prospecting, and improve metallogenic prediction and resource potential evaluation.  相似文献   

西昌市泸山地区典型火后泥石流特征与成因机制研究——以响水沟左岸3^#支沟为例     

铁永波  徐如阁  刘洪  王家柱  巴仁基  向安平  杨剑  欧阳渊  张玙  王宏 《中国地质调查》2020,7(3):82-88

2020年3月30日,四川省凉山州西昌市经久乡发生森林大火,山火燃烧后形成的山火灰和烧焦土体在强降雨作用下极易启动形成泥石流,给西昌市泸山、琼海景区生态环境及当地百姓生命财产安全带来潜在地质灾害风险。以西昌市安哈镇响水沟左岸3^#支沟为例,采用野外调查、无人机航拍、地球物理探测、现场及室内实验等手段,对2020年5月1日该沟发生的火后泥石流流体特征、动力学参数及成因机制等开展研究,系统分析了山火及降雨过程对该次火后泥石流形成的影响机制。该成果可为系统认识西昌泸山“3·30”山火地区火后泥石流的运动特征、物源规模、激发雨量及其发展趋势研判提供科学参考。  相似文献   

自然和自然贡献情景模型研究综述     

岳天祥  范泽孟  史文娇  赵娜 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):743-750

本文回顾了自然和自然贡献情景模型发展的背景、历史和内容,概括总结了自然和自然贡献情景模型的发展进程以及联合国生物多样性与生态系统服务政府间科学—政策平台(IPBES)情景模型的概念框架,讨论了自然和自然贡献情景模型存在的问题和发展方向。为了在全球层面解决现有综合集成模型存在的问题,根据地球表层建模基本定理和生态环境曲面建模基本定理,提出了具有中国原创特点的自然与自然贡献情景模型概念框架。  相似文献   

Coupling relationship between reservoir diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation of Dongling,Changling fault depression,Songliao Basin,Northeast China     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):247-261

The Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the southern Songliao Basin is the typical tight oil sandstone in China. In order to better predict the petrophysical properties of the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China, the diagenesis and porosity evolution was investigated using a suite of petrographic and geochemical techniques including thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion and fluid inclusion analysis, on a set of selected tight sandstone samples. Combined with the histories of burial evolution, organic matter thermal evolution and hydrocarbon charge, the matching relationship between reservoir porosity evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation history is analyzed. The result showed that the tight sandstone reservoirs characterized of being controlled by deposition, predominated by compaction, improved by dissolution and enhanced by cementation. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was investigated using a suite of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history, microfluorescence determination and temperature measurement technology. According to the homogenization temperature of the inclusions and the history of burial evolution, Yingcheng Formation has mainly two phases hydrocarbon accumulation. The first phase of oil and gas is charged before the reservoir is tightened, the oil and gas generated by Shahezi source rocks enter the sand body of Yingcheng Formation, influenced by the carrying capability of sand conducting layer, oil and gas is mainly conducted by the better properties and higher connectivity sand body and enriched in the east, which belongs to the type of densification after hydrocarbon accumulation. The second phase of oil and gas charge after densification, which belongs to the type of densification before the hydrocarbon accumulation.  相似文献   

The politics of greening unceded lands in the settler city     

Libby Porter  Julia Hurst  Tina Grandinetti 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(2):221-238

ABSTRACT

Urban greening is a buzz term in urban policy and research settings in Australia and elsewhere. In a context of settler colonial urbanism, like Australia, a first fact becomes clear: urban greening is always being practiced on unceded Indigenous lands. Recognising this requires some honest reckoning with how this latest urban policy response perpetuates dispossessory settler-colonial structures. In this paper, we listen to the place-based ontologies of the peoples and lands from where we write to inform understanding the city as an always already Indigenous place – a sovereign Aboriginal City. In so doing, the paper tries to practice a way of creating more truthful and response-able urban knowledge practices. We analyse three distinct areas of scholarly research that are present in the contemporary literature: urban greening and green infrastructure; urban political ecology; and more-than-human cities. When placed in relationship of learning with the sovereign Aboriginal City, our analysis finds that these scholarly domains of urban greening work to re-organise colonial power relations. The paper considers what work the practice and scholarship of ‘urban greening’ might need to do in order to become response-able and learn to learn with Indigenous sovereignties and ontologies.  相似文献   

中国城市价值链功能分工及其影响因素     

盛科荣  王丽萍  孙威 《地理研究》2020,39(12):2763-2778

价值链的空间重组正在深刻的改变着城市体系的经济景观,建立在价值链分工基础上的城市功能结构的研究已经成为经济地理学的重要课题。将中国上市公司500强企业网络划分为公司总部、商务服务、研究开发、传统制造、现代制造、物流仓储和批发零售七种类型功能区块,研究了中国城市价值链功能分工及其影响因素。结果发现：沿着价值链的功能分工已经成为中国城市体系经济景观的显著特征,功能多样化城市和功能专业化城市并存于中国城市体系,东部地区和城市密集地区的城市在价值链分工中占据了更好的地位;中国城市按照价值链中的优势功能可以划分为九种类型,少数城市转变为承载公司总部、研究开发、商务服务等多样化功能的高等级中心城市,而大量中小城市则转变为传统制造专业化基地;市场潜力、关键资源、区位条件、营商环境等城市属性特征是城市功能分工的重要影响因素,城市资源、区位可达性等属性特征的增强将提高城市成为总部基地、商务中心和研究基地的概率,而降低城市成为传统制造基地的概率。  相似文献   

新时代的国土空间规划体系重建与制度环境改革     

王开泳  陈田 《地理研究》2019,38(10):2541-2551

在全面推进生态文明建设背景下,急需建立适合中国国情的国土空间开发保护制度和国土空间规划体系,这是新时期建立空间治理体系的重要任务。在国务院新一轮的机构改革背景下,空间类规划的编制职能向自然资源部集中,急需探索和建立全国国土空间规划体系的总体框架和制度环境改革的推进路径。研究表明：国家国土空间规划体系的重建取决于三个方面,一是依赖于部门的职能整合,二是国土空间规划体系的整合与重构,三是依赖于制度环境改革。因此,在机构改革逐步完成的形势下,需要从国土空间规划体系重建与制度环境改革两个路径着手,从国家、省域、市县等层面阐述了中国国土空间规划体系的重建思路,构建五级四类、上下衔接、分级管理的国土空间规划体系。从确定国土空间开发保护制度、专业人才培养、规划资质管理、推进立法等几个方面推进制度环境改革。最后从推进国土空间规划立法、审批程序前置和推进相关法律法规修改完善等方面提出具体举措,以确立国土空间规划的法定地位与统领作用。结合新时期国土空间规划编制,提出了尽快出台国土空间规划编制办法和技术规程、重新调整中国国土空间规划编制的时序安排、加强技术队伍建设等若干建议。  相似文献